HARMONIC FILTER REACTORS

AREAS OF USAGE

Non-linear equipments generate harmonics as multiples of a fundamental frequency such as ac & dc motor speed controllers, arc furnaces, compact fluorescent lamps, uninterruptible power sources. As a result of this fact, besides the fundamental frequency, 3rd ,5th ,7th ,9th ... harmonics are generated.

  • Excessive heating effect on electrical distribution equipment and cables
  • Increased electrical insulation stress
  • Increased noise in electrical motors
  • Electronic mis-timings: Computers, fax machines etc.
  • Capacitor overloads - premature failure
  • Increased maintenance requirements and downtime
  • Fluorescent light flickering
  • Tripping of thermal circuit breakers unexpectedly.
  • The distortion limits determined by IEEE 519 standard are as follows:
  • Hospitals and Airports : % THD (V) = 3
  • Industrial Facilities :      % THD (V) = 5
  • Speed Control Equipment: % THD (V) = 8

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Most of the utilities impose high fees when certain level of harmonic distortion level is reached. Reactors with capacitors and sometimes with resistors creates a filter circuit tuned to a certain frequency in order to reduce, block or provide low impedance path for the harmonic currents in the audio frequency range.

Harmonic filtering reactors are connected in either parallel or a series configuration. Harmonic filters are normally installed in substations, in static var compensation and HVDC links.

Reactors are designed to meet specific design criteria such as Q factor, inductance tolerances etc.
Kian Tajhiz reactors can be equipped with off-load tapping to make a precise tuning at required frequency.

Power capacitors that are used in industrial plants in order to compensate reactive power can be used as filters besides being used for compensation. In order to prevent resonance in the systems, the value of inductance is selected approximately 20% different from the frequency of resonance which is :

The most commonly used filters are 189 Hz and 210 Hz filters. In these frequencies, X L / X C ratio which is called p factor is: %p = X L / X C = %7 and % 5.67 respectively. The harmonic values of six stroke loads are : I 5 = 0.25I1, I 7 = 0.13I1 , I 11 = 0.09I 1 .If an inductance is serial-connected to a capacitor (Q cn (kVAr)) in p value (X L / X C ) at Ucn voltage, Q c which is effective reactive power flows to the network that has Un voltage is :

The inductance which resonates the Q cn capacitor at "fr" is: L n = f.U 2 cn / 2 ∏fr 2 .Qcn

Example : In order to transfer Q c = 50 kVAr to a U n = 400V network for a serial-connected capacitor to a reactor (%p = 7), a U cn = 440V capacitor must be Q cn = 56.3 kVAr (or 525V, 80 kVAr). Thus, the terminal voltage of the capacitor is U c = U n / (1-%P) = 400/(1-0.07) = 430 V.

Despite the fact that U cn = 400V power capacitors are manufactured to resist 10% overloading and it is safe to use a 400 V capacitor for this example, U cn = 440 V capacitors should be used in order to ensure complete safety.

Using a larger rated transformer than needed and using 12 stroke inverter instead of 6 stroke inverter reduces the harmonic distortion.

Specifications of 400 V Harmonic Filter Reactors

: f n = 50 Hz Network Frequency

: I h = 0.3 I1 Maximum Harmonic Current

: I 1 = ...Ampere Fundamental Harmonic Current

: Ith = 1.1 I 1 (p=7%) 1.2 I 1 (p=5.67%) Heating Limit Current

: Ilin = 1,8 I 1 (for iron core) Saturation Current

: Imax = 2 I 1 (60 seconds) Maximum Current

: F ( 155 ° C ) Insulation Class

: IP00 Protection Degree

: 3000 V ac 1 minute Insulation Withstand Voltage

 

ADVANTAGES

  • Increases equipment and capacitor life
  • Perfect mechanical strength to withstand high short-circuit forces
  • Limited temperature rise enables longer lifetime
  • Special surface protection against UV and pollution Class IV areas
  • Maintenance-free design
  • Air core and iron core
  • Dry type
  • Side by side, delta or vertical arrangement depending on space availability for air core reactors
  • Outdoor and indoor
  • Single phase or three phase
  • Enclosures are available on demand
  • Aluminum or copper winding
  • RAL 7035 or other colors
  • - 40 ºC / + 55 ºC ambient temperature range
  • F class (155 ºC) or customer specific design
  • Taps are available
  • Fiberglass resin spacers are used in order to provide ease of cooling
  • AN (air-natural) cooling method

Connection terminals

K6 = 6 mm2 connector
P8 = Metric 8 terminal
P10 = Metric 10 terminal

     

    STANDARD

    IEC 600076-6 or depending on customer requirements.

     

    INSULATION

    • F class (155 ºC) film insulation and epoxy resin reinforced fiberglass
    • Insulating varnis & corrosion resistant paint

    SUPPORT STANDS

    Aluminum, hot dip galvanized steel or concrete support stands are designed for specific applications.

     

    TESTS

    All the routine tests are performed in accordance with EN 60289 or other standards depending on customer request. Type test reports are available on request. All the test reports are submitted to customer.

     
    • Routine Tests (Inductance, Resistance, One Minute AC Insulation Voltage Withstand Test and Impulse Voltage Withstand Test)
    • Short Circuit Withstand Test
    • Temperature Rise Test
    • Sound Level Test
    • Seismic Test

     

    LOSSES

    All Kian Tajhiz reactors are computer designed in order to minimize investment and operating losses.

     

    QUALITY ASSURANCE

    Kian Tajhiz maintains a complete quality assurance program including ISO 9001 and other European and American Standards in it's manufacturing plant.

     

    INSTALLATION

    The height and the diameter of the reactor can be adjusted to customer specific needs in order to meet unusual space requirements.

    Complete installation guidelines are provided with the reactors in order to meet required magnetic clearances on close metallic structures. Each reactor is supplied with an installation guidelines that specifies minimum magnetic clearances for the reactor.

     

    TECHNICAL SUPPORT

    Kian Tajhiz provides complete technical assistance to contractors and end customers for applications, design, calculations and field installation. All Kian Tajhiz reactors are custom designed for different applications by considering the voltage, current, inductance, size, loss characteristics that are required to provide the most efficient design at the most economical prices.

     

    Linearity of Reactor